When does an ATM radar actually see an aircraft, and when does it only see one target (instead of a formation of warplanes). Why does a radar sometimes miss an aircraft. Here some explanation.

Safety nets are technical applications used to protect aircraft and ground from hazardous situations. 

To satisfy operational requirements of ATCO and ATSEP at all locations and to reach compliance with ICAO, air navigation services providers (ANSP) should set up Academy Training Centers and OPS Training centers. But how to conceive the simulators?

Tower Simulators should comprise the A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control System) to provide important simulations for routing, guidance, and surveillance for controlling aircraft. The ATCO will learn how to maintain the stated surface movement rate regardless of the weather conditions. 

In the Doc 9830, ICAO defines Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control Systems (A-SMGCS ) as systems "providing routing, guidance and surveillance for the control of aircraft and vehicles in order to maintain the declared surface movement rate under all weather conditions within the aerodrome visibility operational level (AVOL) while maintaining the required level of safety" [1].  But what is required in a good simulator for A-SMGCS?

In most of the cases, aviation academies want to model their airport in 3D and create a video map of the surrounding FIR. But often, a fantasy airport has a more sustainable teaching impact. And a significant cost-saving potential. Learn why!

You are building up your ATC training center. A Radar and Tower simulator is important. But often budget is limited. Here is a way to build it in a modular way in function of your available budget. Making sure that the training center can generate revenues to subsidize the subsequent investments.

Lots of things changed during the last 5 years with respect to operations, procedures and tasks. ATC training infrastructure needs to comply with ever changing applicable law, directives, regulations and pedagogical needs. But how to upgrade an existing Tower & Radar Simulator with limited budget?

Tower Simulators and Radar Simulators are essential for the ATCO and ATSEP qualification. But what makes a good system?