The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) have developed requirements for the structuring of ATSEP training. While ICAO’s requirements in its training structure apply worldwide, EASA’s requirements for training apply to ATSEP in European countries and slightly differ from ICAO’s requirements.

Most people have heard of the term “radar waves” and are familiar with the idea that radio waves use radar to somehow “detect an object” that is out in the distance or out in an area somewhere.

This article describes signals and operation of an Instrument Landing System ILS, Distance Measuring Equipment DME and a VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR). This article requires an advanced knowledge of mathematics.

The acronym ATSEP refers to Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel. This select group of technical specialists provide and support the electronics and the software used to operate and allow air traffic safety (ATS) systems. This includes communications, navigation and surveillance and air traffic management systems (CNS/ATM). The ATSEP group is comprised of technicians, engineers and computer software and hardware specialists.

Radar technology is the spine of Air Traffic Control. But its success story is far from saturated. During the last 10 years radar started entering automotive technology, manufacturing and even e-health. This article gives a brief history of radar technology, from the first steps around Heinrich Hertz until now. 

The principle of a radar system consists of emitting a wave and receiving the reflected wave that was reflected by an object (target).