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Hedgehog 2025 Exposed NATO’s C4ISR Gap and the Demands of Modern Warfare

In May 2025, the multinational field exercise Hedgehog 2025 (also known as Siil 2025 in Estonia) brought together more than 16 000 personnel from 12 member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. With scenarios centered on a simulated incursion across Estonia’s eastern border, the drills were intended to test European deterrence and defense concepts under high pressure (Defence24.com, 17.02.2026).

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From Cooperation to Collaboration - Discussing AAE Opinion No. 18, “Collaborative Air and Space Combat Operations in Europe”

AAE Opinion No. 18, “Collaborative Air and Space Combat Operations in Europe” calls for collaborative air and space combat structures in Europe; this article examines its implications and outlines a platform-based C4ISR response.

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From Cognitive Radar to Cognitive Electronic Warfare

This article provides an overview of cognitive radar and cognitive electronic warfare, explaining adaptive sensing, decision-making, and the role of algorithms, simulation, and training.

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Radio Frequency Interference in Aviation: Operational Lessons for ATSEP and Defence Users

Radio frequency interference increasingly affects aviation safety. This article links recent research to ATSEP and military training using simulation-based analysis.

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From Battalion Columns to Drone-Centred Decision Loops

This article examines Ukraine’s shift to drone-centred warfare, lessons from Pokrowsk, and the resulting demands on surveillance and EW.

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Understanding Range Resolution and the Nyquist Theorem in SkyRadar’s 8 GHz Pulse Radar

In radar engineering, range resolution expresses how precisely a radar can distinguish between two targets located at different distances along the beam path. It is a direct measure of the system’s spatial precision — and one of the fundamental indicators of radar performance.

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The Intertwining of Drones and Ground Forces: Lessons from Pokrowsk and the Evolving Landscape of Defence Technology

Urban combat at Pokrowsk shows how drones and ground forces converge. The following article provides a technical look at their interaction, resilience, and EW implications.

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Platform-Based Innovation: Scaling Adaptation Through Open Ecosystems

Modern warfare demands speed and adaptability. Platform-based innovation enables rapid, secure defense evolution across C4ISR and EW systems.

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Self-Organizing Drone Swarms and Their Emerging Strategies


Self-organizing drone swarms use local AI rules to form global strategies. SkyRadar explores how emergence shapes detection and defense.

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